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- <text id=91TT2434>
- <title>
- Nov. 04, 1991: Desperately Seeking Rubles
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Nov. 04, 1991 The New Age of Alternative Medicine
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 40
- Desperately Seeking Rubles
- </hdr><body>
- <p>The treasury is empty, the party hoard has vanished. Russians
- want to know where the country's riches have gone.
- </p>
- <p>By Susan Tifft--Reported by Yuri Zarakhovich/Moscow
- </p>
- <p> Ah, the glory that was the Soviet Communist Party:
- chauffeur-driven sedans, opulent dachas, private medical clinics
- and special schools. These perks evaporated for the party elite
- within days of the abortive August coup, when President Mikhail
- Gorbachev quit his post as General Secretary and authorized
- local elected councils to take control of the organization's
- extensive property holdings. Today, the Communist Party lies
- stripped of its buildings, its publications and its domestic
- bank accounts, which were frozen in August.
- </p>
- <p> But the Communists' complex financial affairs could take
- years to untangle. The main mystery is where the party stashed
- its fortune, estimated to be as much as $176 billion. Two
- official inquiries are under way--one by the Russian
- parliament, which is probing party involvement in the Aug. 19
- putsch, and another by Russia's prosecutor general, Valentin
- Stepankov. So far, little light has been shed on the whereabouts
- of the vanished loot. But the source appears indisputable: the
- Soviet treasury. "The party did not see any difference between
- its budget and that of the state," says Nikolai Fedorov, justice
- minister of the Russian Federation. "Tens of millions of dollars
- have been siphoned off."
- </p>
- <p> At the time of the coup attempt, the party put its wealth
- at no more than $3.1 billion. But most Soviets consider that
- sum laughably low. In recent weeks, one newspaper started its
- own investigation into the missing riches; a coalition of
- emerging Soviet businesses launched another. Their probes place
- the money everywhere from hard-currency accounts in foreign
- banks to gold bullion in Swiss vaults.
- </p>
- <p> One of the most intriguing accounts came from Pavel
- Voshchanov, press secretary to Russian President Boris Yeltsin.
- In a series in the daily Komsomolskaya Pravda, he quoted
- extensively from confidential party memorandums revealing that
- in 1988, eager to acquire foreign currency, the Communists had
- set up an "invisible party economy" that permitted them to hide
- money in overseas joint ventures and launder it through a
- network of domestic and foreign commercial banks. According to
- another story in the paper, since last December alone, the party
- has sold 280 billion rubles for $12 billion in U.S. currency,
- which was then funneled through party-controlled Soviet banks
- to secret accounts in Western financial institutions.
- Investigators believe there may be as many as 7,000 such
- hard-currency accounts around the world, totaling some $100
- billion.
- </p>
- <p> According to Voshchanov, the party acted like a criminal
- cartel, financing what it called "friendly firms" abroad. He
- claimed to have seen a list of 60 such companies, all created
- by Western Communists. Last week Justice Minister Fedorov told
- parliamentary investigators the party had shamelessly used
- Western credits to shore up debt-ridden friendly companies in
- Europe instead of buying much needed grain or baby food.
- </p>
- <p> The Communists also appear to have helped themselves to
- the government's gold stocks. When perestroika started, Western
- estimates put Soviet gold reserves at 2,500 to 3,500 tons. In
- January 1990, said former Prime Minister Nikolai Ryzhkov last
- week, the country had 784 tons. After the August coup failed,
- Russian officials announced ominously that "a certain amount of
- gold is missing." In September, Grigori Yavlinsky, Gorbachev's
- top economic adviser, claimed that two-thirds of the gold
- reserves had been sold abroad in 1990, leaving only 240 tons.
- </p>
- <p> The gold is only one item on a list of lost riches that
- Soviet citizens believe were pilfered by the party. Despite
- mounting evidence, party officials deny that even one ruble has
- been squirreled away in foreign banks. But a string of
- mysterious suicides casts doubt on such disavowals. Five days
- after the coup fizzled, party treasurer Nikolai Kruchina threw
- himself out a window. Six weeks later, his predecessor, Georgi
- Pavlov, fell to his death the same way. And two weeks ago,
- Dmitri Lisovolik, former deputy chief of the party's
- international department, also leaped out a window several weeks
- after investigators found $600,000 in U.S. dollars in the office
- of Lisovolik's boss, Valentin Falin, at Central Committee
- headquarters.
- </p>
- <p> Except for 1 billion rubles discovered at a Soviet bank in
- September, the multiple inquiries have so far yielded little in
- the way of recovered cash. Foreign governments have refused to
- freeze Soviet assets, and Swiss banks decline to help unless
- investigators can obtain account numbers and the permission of
- their holders--both unlikely developments. Meanwhile, the
- Soviet Union is struggling under the weight of a 76.5
- billion-ruble budget deficit, a foreign debt of some $70 billion
- and a looming winter food crisis--misery that could have been
- eased had the party of the people only lived up to its name.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-